Comparison of mixed-model approaches for association mapping in rapeseed, potato, sugar beet, maize, and Arabidopsis

Table 2 Description of the examined data sets.

Parameter	Rapeseed	Potato	Sugar beet	Maize	Arabidopsis
n	136	184	178	277	95
Entry type	Inbred line	Non-inbred clone	Inbred line	Inbred line	Inbred line
Phenotypic data
Trait 1	Thousand kernel weight	Resistance to G. pallida	Amino nitrogen	Ear height	Norm. gene expression of FLC
Abbrev.	TKW	GPR	AN	EH	FLC
Unit	g	$\sqrt{No . of nematode cysts}$	%	cm	%
h ²	0.78	0.98	0.89	-	-
Range M_i	3.0–4.6	0.4–19.5	71.1–226.2	8–136	0.021–6.270
Trait 2	Oil content	Resistance to P. infestans	Beet yield	Ear diamter	Norm. gene expression of FRI
Abbrev.	OC	PIR	BY	ED	FRI
Unit	%	Area under disease progress curve	%	mm	%
h ²	0.81	0.77	0.90	-	-
Range M_i	46.1–51.7	-6.4–165.1	84.8–113.6	23.7–46.4	0.211–4.386
Trait 3	Oil yield	Plant maturity	Corrected sugar yield	Days to pollen shed	Flowering time
Abbrev.	OY	PM	CSY	DPS	LDV
Unit	t/ha	Rating scale 1 to 9	%	No. of days	No. of days
h ²	0.50	0.94	0.81	-	-
Range M_i	2.2–3.0	3.4–9.5	87.8–108.7	54.5–82.5	18.7–55.7
Genotypic data
Type of markers	SSRs	SSRs	SSRs & SNPs	SNPs	SNPs
m	59	31	100	553	876
Avg. allele freq.	0.37	0.18	0.30	0.50	0.50

M_iis the adjusted entry mean (rapeseed and potato) or entry mean (sugar beet, maize, and Arabidopsis) of the i th genotype calculated over all environments.

ISSN: 1471-2164