Table 3 Functions of the biologically relevant genes found in leukemia.

ZYX

Adhesion plaque protein. Binds alpha-actinin and the CRP protein. May be a component of a signal transduction pathway that mediates adhesion-stimulated changes in gene expression.

[36]

TCF3

Heterodimers between TCF3 and tissue-specific basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins play major roles in determining tissue-specific cell fate during embryogenesis, like muscle or early B-cell differentiation. Binds to the kappa-E2 site in the kappa immunoglobulin gene enhancer.

[37]

CD33

In the immune response, may act as an inhibitory receptor upon ligand induced tyrosine phosphorylation by recruiting cytoplasmic phosphatase(s).

[35]

CD63

This antigen is associated with early stages of melanoma tumor progression. May play a role in growth regulation. Lysosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Late endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Note = Also found in Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells. Located in platelet dense granules. melanomas, hematopoietic cells, tissue macrophages.

[38]

TCRA

T cell receptor alpha-chain.

[39]

SPTAN1

Fodrin, which seems to be involved in secretion, interacts with calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner.

[40]

MPO

Part of the host defense system of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It is responsible for microbicidal activity against a wide range of organisms.

[41]

CST3

As an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, this protein is thought to serve an important physiological role as a local regulator of this enzyme activity.

[42]

HoxA9

Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis.

[33]

CD79A

Required in cooperation with CD79B for initiation of the signal transduction cascade activated by binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor complex.

[43]

Macmarcks

May be involved in coupling the protein kinase C and calmodulin signal transduction systems.

[34]

CCND3

Essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G1/S (start) transition. Potentiates the transcriptional activity of ATF5.

[44]

PSMB9

The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This subunit is involved in antigen processing to generate class I binding peptides.

[26]

IL18

Augments natural killer cell activity in spleen cells and stimulates interferon gamma production in T-helper type I cells.

[45]

STOM

Interacting selectively with one or more specific sites on a receptor molecule, a macromolecule that undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.

[46]