Table 1 Body characteristics

Body weight (g)

Male

29.58 ± 2.49

27.89 ± 1.83

34.38 ± 4.05

34.04 ± 5.18

0.500

Female

22.04 ± 1.81*

20.95 ± 1.7**

24.45 ± 2.33*

22.95 ± 1.97*

0.638

Weight change (%)

Male

58.69 ± 2.51^a

45.41 ± 1.83^b

79.72 ± 2.3^c

75.55 ± 3.18^c

<.0001

Female

46.15 ± 2.13^a***

37.11 ± 1.84^a**

61.7 ± 3.6^b***

45.81 ± 2.8^a***

<.0001

Heart Weight (mg)

Male

127.4 ± 5.28^a

144 ± 5.15^ab

156.55 ± 3.34^b

155 ± 4.96^b

<.0001

Female

115.2 ± 4.71^a

106.36 ± 4.34^a***

144 ± 5.6^b

138.5 ± 6.12^b*

<.0001

Heart: body weight ratio

Male

4.67 ± 0.2^a

5.27 ± 0.04^b

4.16 ± 0.13^a

4.27 ± 0.2^a

<.0001

Female

5.38 ± 0.24^a*

2.33 ± 0.11^b***

1.96 ± 0.12^b***

5.46 ± 0.31^a**

<.0001

Tg (mg/dL)

Male

80.93 ± 7.79^a

132.13 ± 12.63^b

98.6 ± 11.1^ab

112.7 ± 14.87^ab

0.024

Female

77.47 ± 5.75^a

106.13 ± 5.66^ab

123.75 ± 15.5^b

94 ± 11.3^ab

0.019

Fasting Insulin (μIU/ml)

Male

7.34 ± 0.43^a

12.31 ± 0.95^b

9.07 ± 0.64^ab

11.44 ± 1.73^ab

0.014

Female

7.34 ± 1.3

7.6 ± 1.72*

7.77 ± 1.08

8.9 ± 0.86

0.833

Fasting Glucose (mM)

Male

2.93 ± 0.59

2.97 ± 0.47

4.24 ± 1.05

3.33 ± 0.78

0.585

Female

2.41 ± 0.31

2.78 ± 0.3

3.27 ± 0.66

2.83 ± 0.36

0.579

HOMA-IR

Male

0.96 ± 0.08^a

1.62 ± 0.07^b

1.71 ± 0.14^b

1.7 ± 0.09^b

<.0001

Female

0.79 ± 0.11^a

0.93 ± 0.08^ab***

1.13 ± 0.07^b**

1.12 ± 0.07^ab***

0.027

T-CHOL (mg/dL)

Male

119.2 ± 2.92^a

118 ± 1.45^a

124.67 ± 3.41^ab

131.67 ± 1.17^b

0.003

Female

121.6 ± 3.86

118 ± 3.97

130 ± 0.94

124 ± 2.97*

0.087

HDL-C (mg/dL)

Male

59.18 ± 5.34^a

69.95 ± 2.53^ab

80.8 ± 5.44^b

84.53 ± 3.26^b

0.002

Female

49.46 ± 3.61^a

49.42 ± 4.9^a**

72.53 ± 4.24^b

36.66 ± 6.57^a***

0.001