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Table 2 Up-regulated gene functions in cell cultures at 12 th passage as compared to cells at 4 th passage

From: Gene expression modifications in Wharton’s Jelly mesenchymal stem cells promoted by prolonged in vitro culturing

Class

Gene

Description

Functions

Ref

IL1 NODE

IL1

Pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in host defense

Activation of NF-kappaB; Induction of acute and chronic inflammation

[20]

IL1B

Cytokine activated by Caspase 1

Cell proliferation; Cell differentiation; Apoptosis

[21]

IL1R1

Cytokine receptor 1

Immune and inflammatory response

[20]

S100A13

Calcium binding protein induced by inflammatory stress

Cell cycle progression; Cellular differentiation

[22]

TWIST2

MSCs marker

Negative regulator of IL1B; Cell lineage determination; Cellular differentiation

[23, 24]

AKT NODE

AKT

Protein kinase B

Cellular growth; Mitosis; Cellular differentiation

[25]

RAC2

Member of Rho GTPase family

Proliferation; Cellular differentiation; Cytoskeletal organization; Cellular adhesion; Membrane trafficking, Transcriptional regulation

[26, 27]

PTPRF

LAR protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma family

Neuronal differentiation; Cellular development

[28]

Transcription regulators

CREBBP

CREB binding protein

Histone acetyltransferase activity; Transcriptional regulation

[29]

PARP1

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase

Cellular proliferation; Cellular differentiation

[30]

HNRNPAB

Ribonucleoprotein associated with pre-mRNAs

RNA processing and trafficking; Cellular differentiation

[31]

NONO

RNA-binding protein

Transcriptional regulation; RNA splicing; RNA retention in nucleus

[32]

Cytoskeleton organization

ACTR3

Actin-related protein

Neuronal differentiation

[33]

NISCH

Nischarin

Negative role in cell migration

[34]

Neural markers

EPHA4

Ephrin recepotor of protein-tyrosine kinase family

Nervous system development

[35]

MT2A

Melatonin recepror 2

Expressed in neural progenitor

[36]

CDH2

Cadherin

Cellular differentiation via RAC

[37]

 

ERRFI1

Cytoplasmic protein

Induced by cellular stress; Cell signalling

[38]

 

RNF7

Ring finger protein

Part of protein degradation machinery; Antiapoptotic activity via JUN

[39]

 

LYN

v-yes-1 Yamaguchi sarcoma viral related oncogene

Tyrosine kinase activity; Cellular proliferation

[40]