Table 1 β-catenin target genes in human colon or colon carcinoma cells (including colon carcinoma cell lines)

ABCB1

ABC multidrug transporter

Yes

EMSA, RGA w/ mutated reporter gene

Up

[9]

ADAM10

Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 1a

Not analyzed

RGA

Up

[25]

ALEX1

Armadillo repeat-containing X-linked protein 1

Not analyzed

RGA, ChIP for CREB; activation mediated by CREB (CRE) und E boxes within the ALEX1 promoter

Up

[26]

ASCL2

Achaete-scute homolog 2

Not analyzed

qRT-PCR

Up

[8]

AXIN2*

Axin-2

Not analyzed

RGA

Up

[27–29]

BAMBI

BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor

Yes

RGA w/ mutated reporter gene

[30]

BCL2L2

Bcl-2-like protein 2; BCLW

Yes

ChIP

Up

[31]

BIRC5*

Survivin, Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5

Yes

EMSA, RGA w/ mutated reporter gene

Up

[10]

BMI1

Polycomb complex protein BMI-1

Not analyzed

RGA

Up

[32]

BMP4*

Bone morphogenetic protein 4

Not analyzed

Northern blot

Up

[33]

CCND1*

Cyclin-D1

Yes

EMSA

Up

[5, 6]

CD44*

CD44 antigen

Not analyzed

–

Up

[34, 35]

CDKN2A

p16INK4a

Yes

ChIP

Up

[36]

CDX1

Homeobox protein Cdx-1

Yes

RGA w/ mutated reporter gene

Up

[37]

CLDN1*

Claudin-1

Yes

RGA

Up

[38]

COX2

cyclooxygenase-2

Yes

EMSA, RGA w/ mutated reporter gene

Up

[39]

DKK1*

Dickkopf-1

Yes

EMSA

Up

[40]

DKK4*

Dickkopf-4

Not analyzed

RGA, siRNA/qRT-PCR

Up

[41, 42]

DNMT1

DNA methyltransferase 1

Not analyzed

RGA

Up

[43]

EDN1*

endothelin-1

Yes

ChIP

Up

[44]

EFNB1*

Ephrin-B1

Not analyzed

Northern blot

Down

[45]

ENC1

ectodermal-neural cortex 1

Yes

RGA w/ mutated reporter gene

Up

[13]

EPHB2

Ephrin type-B receptors

Not analyzed

Northern blot

Up

[45]

EPHB3

Ephrin type-B receptors

Not analyzed

Northern blot

Up

[45]

FGF18*

Fibroblast growth factor 18

Yes

EMSA

Up

[45, 46]

FGFBP

Fibroblast growth factor-binding protein

Yes

RGA w/ mutated reporter gene

Up

[47]

FRA1*

Fos-related antigen 1

Yes

EMSA

Up

[48]

FSCN1

Fascin1

Yes

ChIP

Up

[49]

GAST*

Gastrin

Not analyzed

RGA

Up

[50]

HATH1*

human ortholog of atonal1

Not analyzed

RGA

Down

[19]

HEF1 (NEDD9)

human enhancer of filamentation 1

Yes

ChIP

Up

[51]

HES1

Hes1 (Hairy and enhancer of split 1)

Yes

RGA w/ mutated reporter gene

Up

[52]

ID2*

DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-2

Yes

EMSA

Up

[11, 12]

ITF2 (TCF4)*

Immunoglobulin transcription factor 2

Not analyzed

RGA

Up

[20]

JAG1*

Jagged-1

Yes

ChIP

Up

[53]

JUN*

Transcription factor AP-1

Yes

EMSA

Up

[48]

L1CAM*

L1 neuronal cell adhesion molecule

Yes

EMSA

Up

[54]

LAMC2

Laminin subunit gamma-2

Yes

EMSA, RGA w/ mutated reporter gene

Up

[55]

LEF1*

Lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1

Yes

DNAse footprint, ChIP

Up

[56–58]

LGR5*

Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5

Not analyzed

–

Up

[59]

MENA

ENAH, Mammalian enabled homologue

Yes

ChIP

Up

[60]

MET*

Hepatocyte growth factor receptor

Not analyzed

–

Up

[61]

MMP14

Matrix metalloproteinase-14 (old name: MT1-MMP)

Yes

EMSA, RGA w/ mutated reporter gene

Up

[16]

MMP7*

Matrilysin

Not analyzed

RGA

Up

[14, 15]

MYB

Transcriptional activator Myb

Not analyzed

Northern blot

Up

[62]

MYC*

Myc proto-oncogene protein

Yes

EMSA

Up

[4]

MYCBP*

c-myc binding protein

Not analyzed

RGA

Up

[63]

NOS2*

Nitric Oxide Synthase 2

Yes

EMSA

Up

[64]

NOTCH2

NOTCH2 protein

Yes

EMSA, RGA w/ mutated reporter gene

Up

[65]

NRCAM*

Neuronal cell adhesion molecule

Not analyzed

RGA

Up

[66]

PLAU*

urokinase plasminogen activator

Yes

EMSA

Up

[67]

PLAUR

urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor

Not analyzed

–

Up

[48]

PPARD*

PPARdelta

Yes

EMSA

Up

[7]

S100A4

Protein S100-A4

Yes

Chip, EMSA, RGA w/ mutated reporter gene

Up

[68]

S100A6

Protein S100-A6

Not analyzed

RGA

Up

[69]

SGK1

Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1

Yes

ChIP

Up

[70]

SMC3

Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 3

Yes

EMSA, RGA w/ mutated reporter gene

Up

[71]

SOX9*

Transcription factor Sox-9

Not analyzed

Northern blot

Up

[72]

SP5

Transcription factor Sp5

Yes

EMSA

Up

[73]

SRSF3 (SRp20)

Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3

Not

RGA

Up

[74]

SUZ12

Polycomb protein SUZ12

Yes

ChIP, EMSA

Up

[75]

TCF1*

Transcription factor 7

Not analyzed

RGA

Up

[76]

TIAM1*

TIAM-1

Not analyzed

Northern blot

Up

[77]

TN-C

Tenascin-C

Yes

ChIP

Up

[78]

VEGF*

Vascular endothelial growth factor

Not analyzed

RGA

Up

[17]

YAP

Yes-associated protein

Yes

ChIP

Up

[79]