Power estimation and sample size determination for replication studies of genome-wide association studies

BMC Genomics

Table 6 When effect sizes follow the distribution of Eq. (21), the average empirical bias and root mean square error (RMSE) of power estimators of the replication study in the simulation experiments

Average	\(\beta ^{(2)}\left (\widehat {\mu }^{(1)}\right)\)	\(\beta ^{(2)}\left (\widehat {\mu }_{\textit {CMLE}}^{(1)}\right)\)	\(\beta ^{(2)}\left (\widehat {\mu }_{BR2}^{(1)}\right)\)	\(\beta ^{(2)}\left (\widehat {\mu }_{\textit {EB}}^{(1)}\right)\)	\(\widehat {\eta }_{\textit {EB}}^{(2)}\)
Empirical Bias	0.071	−0.081	0.015	0.033	0.007
RMSE	0.173	0.263	0.153	0.154	0.150

Bold face indicates the estimator achieving the smallest value in terms of bias or RMSE. \(\widehat {\eta }_{\textit {EB}}^{(2)}\) behaves better than others in terms of bias reduction and providing high estimation accuracy in the experiments

ISSN: 1471-2164