Table 1 The species used in this study

Amphibia

Gymnophiona

Ichthyophis bannanicus ^a

Banna caecilian

Beiliu, Guangxi, China

Xenopodinae

Xenopus tropicalis ^b

Western clawed frog

GenBank

Reptilia

Dibamidae

Dibamus bourreti ^a

Bourret's blind skink

Hongkong, China

Gekkonidae

Hemidactylus bowringii ^a

House Gecko

Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

Scincidae

Plestiodon fasciatus ^a

Common Five-lined Skink

MCB249, gift from Matt Brandley

Amphisbaenidae

Amphisbaena caeca ^a

Puerto Rican worm lizard

MVZ Herps 232753

Bipedidae

Bipes biporus ^a

Five-toed worm lizard

MVZ Herps 236257

Agamidae

Calotes versicolor ^a

Garden lizard

Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

Iguanidae

Anolis carolinensis ^b

Green anole

GenBank

Anguidae

Anguis fragilis ^a

Slow worm

MVZ Herps 238523

Varanidae

Varanus salvator ^a

Water monitor

Jiangmen, Guangdong, China

Elapidae

Naja atra ^a

Chinese cobra

Shaoguan, Guangdong, China

Typhlopidae

Ramphotyphlops braminus ^a

Brahminy blind snake

Hongkong, China

Galliformes

Gallus gallusdomesticus

Chicken

GenBank or Ensembl

Estrildidae

Taeniopygia guttata ^b

Zebra finch

GenBank

Trionychidae

Pelodiscus sinensis ^b

Chinese softshell turtle

GenBank

Mammal

Ornithorhynchidae

Ornithorhynchus anatinus

Duckbill platypus

GenBank or Ensembl

Macropodidae

Macropus eugenii

Tammar wallaby

GenBank

Didelphidae

Monodelphis domestica

Gray short-tailed opossum

GenBank

Elephantidae

Loxodonta Africana

African bush elephant

GenBank

Pteropodidae

Pteropus vampyrus

Large flying fox

GenBank

Canidae

Canis familiaris

Dog

GenBank or Ensembl

Bovidae

Bos Taurus

Cow

GenBank

Leporidae

Oryctolagus cuniculus

Rabbit

GenBank

Muridae

Mus musculus ^b

Mouse

GenBank

Leporidae

Oryctolagus cuniculus

Rabbit

GenBank

Hominidae

Homo sapiens ^b

Human

GenBank