Supplements of vitamins B9 and B12 affect hepatic and mammary gland gene expression profiles in lactating dairy cows

Table 4 Identification of the major biological processes of the genes differentially expressed in mammary gland tissue^a

Biological process		Genes
Level 1	Level 2/3	Symbol	Fold change
apoptotic process	induction of apoptosis	CIDEA	−1.9
biological adhesion	cell adhesion	POSTN	1.1
biological regulation	regulation of biological process	IRX6	1.7
cellular process	cell communication	POSTN GPR110	1.1 1.3
developmental process	death	CIDEA	−1.9
	ectoderm development	IRX6	1.7
	mesoderm development	POSTN GPR110	1.1 1.3
	system development	POSTN GPR110 IRX6	1.1 1.3 1.7
immune system process	antigen processing and presentation	MGC126945	−1.5
immune system process	immune response	MGC126945 GPR110	−1.9 1.3
localization	transport	ATP6V1G3 LOC509034 GPR110	−0.9 −0.6 1.3
metabolic process	nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process	ATP6V1G3 IRX6	−0.9 1.7
metabolic process	protein metabolic process	FUT5	3.6
multicellular organismal process	single-multicellular organism process	POSTN GPR110	1.1 1.3
reproduction	gamete generation	GPR110	1.3
response to stimulus	cellular defense response	MGC126945	−1.9
	immune response	MGC126945 GPR110	−1.9 1.3
	response to stress	GPR110	1.3
Not found		LOC751574 VAV1 LOC614268 SAA2 C10H14orf53 H1FNT	−1.3 −1.2 −0.9 −0.9 1.4 4.9
Unassigned		LOC785756 IDO1 SECTM1 RAB15	−2.1 −1.2 −0.9 2.0

All genes modulated in the mammary tissue by the vitamins treatment, including those that were not found or classified by the Panther system are listed. The Fold Change, as using FlexArray microarray analysis, varies from −1.9 to 4.9 and only significantly (FDR ≤ 0.05) expressed genes (compared to control) are shown
^aIdentification of the major biological processes of the genes differentially expressed in mammary tissue following supplementation with vitamin B9 (B9), vitamin B12 (B12) or both vitamins (B9 + B12) as compared to no vitamin treatment (Control)

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