Fig. 7

Heatmap showing genes differentially regulated in the nodal pathway related to Pdgf signaling via NF-ĸB (cluster 11 a). NF-κB and related genes (NF-κB, NF-κB p65, Rel A, I-κB) are significantly upregulated in WT HO compared to the rest. Genes for insulin like growth factors (IGF) 1 and 2 and their receptors are downregulated in WT HO whereas they are upregulated in Sphk1 ^−/− HO. IGF is known to have anabolic effects. c-Fos is also noted to be upregulated in WT HO. C-Fos with c-Jun forms AP-1 (Activator Protein-1) complex. AP-1 complex is a transcription factor mediating a wide range of cellular processes such as cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis