Fig. 8

Expression pattern of VviGRFs under heat stress. (a) Expression profile of VviGRF genes in response to heat treatment on published data RNA-seq SRP091989 [37]. Log2 change fold between two treatment temperatures was used to present changed expression level under heat treatment by R software. For example, the expression level of 25 vs 35 was calculated from the formula: log2 (the expression at 35 °C / the expression at 25 °C). The colour scale represents relative expression levels. (b) qRT-PCR profiles of VviGRF genes by heat treatment. CK means control, H means heat treatment. Expression level of heat stress was normalized to VviActin gene expression level, and every VviGRFs at CK was normalized as “1”. The mean expression value was calculated from three replications. Vertical bars indicate the standard error of mean. **P < 0.01 compared with expression level at CK