Fig. 5

A model-based Bayesian population structure of 474 honey bees from the Republic of South Africa using admixture pattern as included in STRUCTURE program. The Y-axis in each plot indicates the estimated membership coefficients for each individual. Each individual’s genotype is represented by a single vertical line, which is partitioned into colored segments corresponding to the estimated membership in the two or three groups. AM in each plot represents European Apis mellifera. a Population clustering based on 2449 SNP loci with European AM. b Population clustering based on 2449 SNP loci without European AM. c Population clustering based on 83 divergent SNP loci with European AM. d Population clustering based on 83 divergent SNP loci without European AM