Fig. 2

Spatial analysis of sagittal mouse brain and human breast cancer samples. a NMF identifies multiple spatially distinct factors within the mouse brain (4 separate tissue sections) that are visualized in the HSV color scale. b Visualization of driver genes of some of the NMF factors seen in (a). c NMF factor with clear histological relevance corresponding to a tumor area within the breast cancer samples. d Example of a top-ranking gene, Fth1, according to the proposed spatial autocorrelation metric performed on two adjacent sections to increase the robustness of the analysis. e NMF factors were clustered in Seurat, and capture-spots neighboring to one of the tumor clusters were automatically extracted by STUtility (left) for a differential expression analysis between core and tumor edge. The core and tumor edge display significant differences in expression of various immunoglobulin and Extracellular Matrix (ECM) related genes (right)