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Fig. 3 | BMC Genomics

Fig. 3

From: Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome analysis of Pitaya fruit unveiled the mechanisms underlying Peel and pulp color formation

Fig. 3

Betalain biosynthesis pathway (and tyrosine biosynthesis from arogenate). Arogenate decarboxylation catalyzed by arogenate dehydrogenase (ADH). Tyrosine 3′ hydroxylation catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP76AD1/6) to form L-DOPA. The next step is the formation of betalamic acid from L-DOPA through the action of 4,5 DOPA dioxygenase (DODA), the conversion of L-DOPA to cyclo-DOPA by cytochrome P450 (CYP76AD1), glucosylation of cyclo-DOPA via the action of cyclo-DOPA 5-O glucosyltransferase, and the spontaneous condensation of betalamic acid with cDOPA 5-O-glucoside to form violet/red betacyanins. Tyrosine/DOPA decarboxylases (TYDCs) convert L-DOPA to dopamine, which leads to the formation of betaxanthins (shown as dotted lines). Peel colors are shown as respective colored boxes. Pulps are represented by cross-sections of pitaya fruit pulp pictures. The peel and pulp colors are represented as following, Red peel and red pulp (RR), green peel and white pulp (GW), and yellow peel and white pulp (YW)

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