Fig. 5

Spatiotemporal expression of Holotrichia parallela PGRP-SC1, PPAE-I and GST. The relative expression level of target genes was calculated with the 2^-ΔΔCt method. H. parallela DAPDH was used as an internal standard to normalize the expression level. a-c The developmental expression patterns of H. parallela PGRP-SC1, PPAE-I and GST. The relative expression level of target transcripts in the egg served as the calibrator for the developmental expression profiling. Egg (5 days old), L1 (first instar larvae, 10 days old), L2 (second instar larvae, 18 days old), L3 (third instar larvae, 28 days old). d-f The tissue-specific expression patterns of H. parallela (10-day-old larvae) PGRP-SC1, PPAE-I and GST in hemolymph (HE), malpighian tubule (MT), midgut (MG) and fat body (FB), respectively. The relative expression level of target transcripts in hemolymph were employed as the calibrator for the tissue-specific expression profiling. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences at P < 0.05 (Tukey’ test)