Genome-wide association screening and verification of potential genes associated with root architectural traits in maize (Zea mays L.) at multiple seedling stages

Table 3 Descriptive statistics of seedling root related traits for the GWAS population at three stages

Traits	Stage	Mean	±SD	Range	Skewness	Kurtosis	CV (%)	H² (%)
RDW (g)	V1	0.06	0.02	0.15	0.39	2.24	40.82	94.07
	V2	0.10	0.06	0.31	0.97	0.49	62.46	84.68
	V3	0.12	0.07	0.34	0.82	0.33	55.73	71.89
RDW/SDW	V1	0.60	1.38	7.88	2.56	7.39	86.32	90.56
	V2	0.63	0.41	3.27	2.75	11.75	65.32	80.87
	V3	0.45	0.18	1.09	0.80	1.13	39.84	61.71
TRL(cm)	V1	94.29	48.98	261.42	0.93	0.64	51.95	97.87
	V2	195.30	134.37	699.97	1.41	2.45	68.80	99.52
	V3	305.10	184.01	780.26	0.71	-0.33	60.31	99.51
SUA (cm²)	V1	32.90	16.67	79.18	0.95	0.54	50.68	96.17
	V2	70.28	52.53	251.41	1.34	1.89	74.74	98.67
	V3	107.91	66.56	294.09	0.66	-0.42	61.68	99.30
ARD (mm)	V1	1.08	0.26	1.46	0.61	0.20	22.11	58.08
	V2	1.12	0.30	2.35	1.88	7.56	27.11	51.31
	V3	1.28	0.22	1.42	0.64	1.29	20.26	43.29
ROV (cm³)	V1	0.96	0.52	2.57	0.93	0.63	54.24	75.11
	V2	2.04	1.75	8.83	1.44	1.99	86.06	94.27
	V3	3.02	2.31	13.48	1.35	2.79	76.47	89.26
RBN	V1	69.47	45.45	201.00	1.23	1.15	65.43	98.51
	V2	169.39	132.69	642.00	1.47	2.30	78.34	99.28
	V3	275.04	212.22	864.00	1.18	0.75	77.16	99.84

RDW root dry weight, RDW/SDW root per shoot dry weight, TRL total root length, SUA surface area, ARD average root diameter, ROV root volume, RBN root branching number, SD Std. dev, CV coefficient of variation, H² Broad-sense heritability

ISSN: 1471-2164