The Zea mays mutants opaque-2 and opaque-7 disclose extensive changes in endosperm metabolism as revealed by protein, amino acid, and transcriptome-wide analyses

Table 1 Protein and amino acid composition of mature A69Ywt, A69Yo2, A69Yo7, and A69Yo2o7 endosperm

Items	A69Ywt	A69Yo2	A69Yo7	A69Yo2o7
Total protein	12.2 ^a	10.8 ^b	8.8 ^c	9.7 ^b
Albumins + globulins	0.7 ^a	2.0 ^b	1.1 ^c	2.2 ^b
Zeins *	9.0 ^a	3.8 ^b	5.3 ^c	3.2 ^b
Glutelins ^‡	2.5 ^a	5.0 ^b	2.5 ^a	4.3 ^b
Non-protein nitrogen	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.6
Asparagine/Aspartate	2.6 ^a	8.4 ^b	6.2 ^b	11.9 ^c
Threonine	1.6	2.4	2.6	3.0
Serine	2.3	2.8	2.8	3.2
Glutamate/Glutamine	41.3 ^a	34.0 ^b	35.4 ^b	24.6 ^c
Glycine	1.3 ^a	2.7 ^b	2.4 ^b	3.7 ^c
Alanine	6.4	5.0	5.1	5.1
Valine	2.1 ^a	3.1 ^b	3.2 ^b	3.8 ^b
Cysteine	1.0	1.8	1.5	1.9
Methionine	0.6 ^a	0.8 ^b	1.1 ^b	1.0 ^b
Isoleucine	1.7 ^a	2.4 ^b	2.1 ^b	2.5 ^b
Leucine	16.2 ^a	8.7 ^b	9.3 ^b	8.2 ^b
Tyrosine	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.5
Phenylalanine	2.4 ^a	3.0 ^b	2.5 ^b	3.0 ^b
Ornitine	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lysine	0.9 ^a	2.6 ^b	2.2 ^b	3.4 ^c
Histidine	1.3 ^a	1.9 ^b	2.3^b	2.5^b
Arginine	1.4 ^a	3.0 ^b	2.5 ^b	3.8 ^c
Proline	16.0	16.0	17.9	16.9

Protein and non-protein compositions are in percent of dry weight. Amino acid compositions are in percent of protein (w/w). * fractions Z1+Z2 of [49]; ^‡ fractions G1+G2 of [51].
^a,b,c Numbers followed by the same letters within a row are not significantly different at P ≤ 0.05 by standard analysis of variance.

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