Genetic control of functional traits related to photosynthesis and water use efficiency in Pinus pinaster Ait. drought response: integration of genome annotation, allele association and QTL detection for candidate gene identification

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of measured traits in the F ₁ full sib family Gal1056xOria6 (n = 103)

Trait	Time-point	Mean ± SD	Range	CV(%)	Skewness	Kurtosis	p-value
A_n	1	10.8 ± 1.3	7.9-15.2	12.4	0.65	0.46	0.04
	2	10.1 ± 1.3	6.5-12.9	12.4	-0.21	0.16	0.63
	3	5.9 ± 1.7	1.2-9.9	29.8	-0.18	-0.3	0.67
g_sw	1	0.21 ± 0.03	0.141-0.301	15.9	0.47	0.09	0.04
	2	0.146 ± 0.03	0.068-0.222	22.6	0.06	-0.44	0.57
	3	0.07 ± 0.03	0.01-0.198	45.7	0.71	1.28	0.02
WUE_i	1	54.7 ± 9.8	32.5-81.8	17.9	0.7	0.52	0.003
	2	79.9 ± 16.4	41.2-130.1	20.6	0.4	0.21	0.38
	3	100.4 ± 27.8	44.8-179.4	27.7	0.52	0.34	0.05
δ¹³C	1	-29.6 ± 0.64	-31.1/-28	2.2	0.003	-0.09	0.92
SLA	1	7.3 ± 0.7	5.8-10.4	9.6	1.16	3.26	<0.001
	2	6.7 ± 0.6	5.6-8.6	9.4	0.55	-0.005	0.03
	3	6.6 ± 0.6	5.3-8.8	9.5	0.68	0.94	0.02
F_v'F_m'	1	0.618 ± 0.03	0.496-0.684	5.3	-0.71	1.16	0.02
	2	0.575 ± 0.04	0.48-0.688	7.5	-0.32	-0.26	0.04
	3	0.468 ± 0.04	0.361-0.591	8.5	0.14	0.17	0.94
Φ_PSII	1	0.21 ± 0.02	0.157-0.252	9.9	-0.44	0.03	0.09
	2	0.213 ± 0.03	0.153-0.276	11.8	0.15	-0.43	0.63
	3	0.16 ± 0.02	0.096-0.223	15.5	-0.008	-0.05	0.99

A_n = net photosynthetic rate (μmol CO₂m^-2 s^-1); g_sw = stomatal conductance to water vapour (molH₂Om^-2 s^-1); WUE_i = intrinsic water use efficiency (μmol CO₂ molH₂O^-1); δ¹³C = isotopic composition of ¹³C (‰); SLA = specific leaf area (m²Kg^-1); F_v’F_m’ = maximum efficiency of PSII under light conditions; Φ_PSII = quantum yield. Time-points of measurements correspond with: 1, well watered plants; 2, seven days without irrigation; 3, fourteen days without irrigation. SD stands for standard deviation and CV for coefficient of variation. p-values were obtained from Shapiro- test to check normality.

ISSN: 1471-2164