Fig. 1
From: A splice donor variant in CCDC189 is associated with asthenospermia in Nordic Red dairy cattle
Phenotypic manifestation of asthenospermia. Microscopic view of a representative sample of frozen-thawed spermatozoa from an asthenospermic (a) and normospermic (b) bull. Bending of many spermatozoa of the asthenospermic bull and the lack of motility projected as clear pictures of spermatozoa (a). Foggy (double pictured) representation of many spermatozoa in the normospermic bull indicate actively moving spermatozoa (b). Both figures were photographed using the same settings. Transmission electron microscopy of spermatozoa from two asthenospermic (c, d, f, g) and an normospermic (e, h) bull. Representative cross-sections of the midpiece (c-e) and principal piece (f-h) of the flagella revealed the typical arrangement of nine outer microtubule doublets surrounding the central pair (9 × 2 + 2) in asthenospermic and normospermic bulls. No aberrations of the axonemal ultrastructures including outer dense fiber (ODF), radial spokes (RS), inner (ID) and outer dynein arms (OD) were apparent in cross-sections of asthenospermic bulls