Fig. 4

The whole gene expression patterns related to ginsenoside biosynthesis in P. ginseng. a, the MVA pathway. b, the MEP pathway. c, the triterpene skeleton biosynthesis pathway. d, the late steps of ginsenoside biosynthesis pathway. DXS, DXR, IspD, IspE, IspF, IspG and IspH, the genes in the MEP pathway. AACT, HMGS, HMGR, MVK, PMK and MVD, the genes in the MVA pathway. IDI, isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase. GGR, FPS, SS and SE, the genes in the pathway of triterpene skeleton biosynthesis. Β-AS, β-amyrin synthase. DS, dammarenediol-II synthase. GT, glycosyltransferase. CYP450, cytochrome P450.R1-R5, ginseng root samples of 1–5 years old. Rc, root cores. Rt, lateral roots. Rh, rhizomes St, stems, Lf, leaves. For the calculation of each gene expression levels in each pathway of each sample, all the TPM values of the expressed isoforms annotated to that gene of that sample were summarized together. The heatmap was drawn with R package geneplotter and gplots