Fig. 7

uORFs buffer against differentiation-induced shifts in CDS TE. a Analysis of the relationship between cORF and CDS translation (log₁₀TE Non-Diff/RA-Diff) for the highly translated dataset reveals that the translational efficiency of these two regions positively correlate in response to RA-Differentiation, R² = 0.08. Regression coefficients were calculated from untransformed TE ratios. b This was also seen for oORFs, R² = 0.18. C-E) 40% (118/295, see Additional file 5: Figure S5) of uORF/CDS pairs in the highly translated dataset exhibit TE shifts in the opposite direction for the uORF and the CDS with differentiation (“inverse”), while 60% of uORF/CDS pairs exhibit TE shifts in the same direction with differentiation (“positive”). c Relative proportion of “positive” or “inverse” oORFs and cORFs. Chi-square, p = 0.038. d Distribution of uORFs by length. e Start site codon distribution for “positive” or “inverse” uORFs. f uORFs with an “inverse” relationship to their associated CDS have a higher average TE than those with a “positive” relationship, p = 0.00923. g Histograms of log₂(CDS TE, RA-Diff/TE Non-Diff) for transcripts with a uORF in the highly translated set (uORF) or no uORF (none). ANOVA, p = 0.000389.