Fig. 2

qRT-PCR validation of differentially expressed genes identified by RNA sequencing. a: gene expression in ovaries; b: gene expression in testes. A two-tailed Student’s t-test was performed to compare the significance between Wolbachia-infected (Dmel wMel) and uninfected (Dmel T) fly ovaries (a) and testes (b) of candidate genes. Red color indicates upregulation; Blue color indicates downregulation; Black color indicates not significantly different.“/” represents the relative value; bars indicate standard error; “*” and “**” indicate significant differences with p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively. df = 4, n = 3