No | Gene symbol | Gene name | Reference | PMID | Note | Cleft type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Bbs7 & Ift88 | Bardet-Biedl syndrome 7 & intraflagellar transport 88 | [62] | 22228099 | Bbs7−/−;Ift88orpk double mutant mice exhibit CL at E12.5. No information about cleft palate at later stages. The single mutant mice do not show CL nor CP. Ift88orpk is a hypomorphic allele. | CLO or CLP |
2 | Fgf8 & Tfap2 | fibroblast growth factor 8 & transcription factor AP-2, alpha | [42] | 25381013 | Tfap2null/neo;Fgf8+/− mice show bilateral CL and CP in 10/18 and unilateral CL/P in 8/10. This compound mutant mouse is a rescue model of Tfap2anull/neo mice. | CLP |
3 | Gdf1 & Nodal | growth differentiation factor 1 & nodal | [63] | 16564040 | Gdf1−/−;Nodal+/− mutant mice show CL at 68% at E13.5. | CLO |
4 | Hhat & Ptch1 | hedgehog acyltransferase & patched 1 | [64] | 24590292 | HhatTg(Tfap2a-Cre)/+;Ptch1+/− double heterozygous mice show CL and primary palate cleft at E12.5. | CLP |
5 | Lrp6 & Rspo2 | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 & R-spondin 2 | [65] | 21237142 | Lrp6+/−;Rspo2−/− mutant mice show CL and CP in 1/6 or CPO in 5/6. | CLP or CPO |
6 | Mirc1 & Mirc3 (aka miR-17-92 & miR-106b-25) | microRNA cluster 1 & microRNA cluster 3 | [24] | 24068957 | Mirc1null/null;Mirc3null/nul mutant mice show bilateral CL and CP in 100%, and mandibular cleft at 100%. Mirc1null/null;Mirc3null/+ mutant mice show bilateral CL/P in 67.5% and unilateral CL/P at 12.5%, and mandibular cleft at 57.5%. | CLP |
7 | Msx1 & Pax9 | msh homeobox1 & paired box 9 | [66] | 20123092 | Msx1−/−;Pax9−/− double KO mice show either unilateral or bilateral CL at 39%, CP and midfacial hypoplasia at 100%. | CLP or CPO |
8 | Pbx1 & Pbx2 | pre B cell leukemia homeobox 1 & pre B cell leukemia homeobox 2 | [49] | 21982646 | Foxg1-Cre;Pbx1F/F;Pbx2−/− double cKO mice show bilateral CL. Foxg1-Cre;Pbx1F/F;Pbx2+/− mice show bilateral CL and CP. Tcfap2a-Cre;Pbx1F/F;Pbx2+/− mice show CL and/or CP. Pbx1−/−;Pbx2+/− mutant mice show CL and CP. | CLO, CLP, or CPO |
9 | Pbx1 & Wnt9b | pre B cell leukemia homeobox 1 & wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 9B | [49] | 21982646 | Foxg1-Cre;Pbx1+/−;Wnt9bF/F mice show bilateral CL at 100% and CP. | CLO or CLP |
10 | Pbx1 & Pbx3 | pre B cell leukemia homeobox 1 & pre B cell leukemia homeobox 3 | [49] | 21982646 | Pbx1−/−;Pbx3+/− mutant mice show either unilateral or bilateral CL and/or CP. Tcfap2a-Cre;Pbx1F/F;Pbx3+/− mutants show CL and/or CP. Foxg1-Cre;Pbx1F/F;Pbx3+/− mutants show CL and/or CP. | CLO, CLP, or CPO |