Fig. 1

Verification of the allelic variations in the promoter of MdLAZY1 and functional analysis of ‘Baleng Crab (BC)’ (Malus robusta), ‘M9’ (M. pumila) and their F1 hybrids. a MdLAZY1 expression by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) (bar chart) and mean fragments per kilobase per million mapped reads (FPKM) values (line chart) of the stem tissue of leafy cuttings during adventitious root formation in three hybrids (13–0670, 13–0925, and 13–1611) with small (S) and three hybrids (12–1529, 12–1585, and 12–1830) with large (L) RGAs. b Structural variations of MdLAZY1. c Box plot showing differences in RGAs between hybrids with the T:G and T:T genotypes of marker b13. Numbers of the hybrids are presented in parentheses. d Schematic representation of MdLAZY1-pro: LUC vectors truncated with or without DRE and HSF cis-elements. “pro” represents the promoter. e Transient expression of MdLAZY1-pro: LUC variants and truncates, which were truncated as described in panel d. e Subcellular localization of transiently expressed MdLAZY1:GFP in Nicotiana benthamiana. Scale bars = 50 mm. g RGA phenotypes in the 35S:MdLAZY1 transgenic N. benthamiana lines and untransformed wild type. h and (i) Relative expression of MdIAA1, MdDREB2A, and MdHSFB3 when MdLAZY1 was transiently transformed by the vectors 35S:MdLAZY1 (H) and pTRV:MdLAZY1 (i). Asterisks represent P < 0.05 by Dunnett’s multiple comparison