Fig. 4

Phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and architectures of the conserved protein motifs of the expansin genes from Tartary buckwheat. a The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the full-length sequences of Tartary buckwheat expansin proteins using MEGA 7.0 and was visualized by the online tool Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) (http://itol2.embl.de/). Orange represents the EXPA subfamily gene, green represents the EXPB subfamily gene, blue represents the EXLA subfamily gene, and purple represents the EXLB subfamily gene. Prediction of the exon-intron structures of Tartary buckwheat expansin genes was performed using the online Gene Structure Display Service 2.0 (http://gsds.gao-lab.org/) and was visualized by TBtools v1.082. Gray boxes indicate untranslated 5′- and 3′-regions, and black lines indicate introns. The number indicates the phases of the corresponding introns. b The motif compositions of the Tartary buckwheat expansin proteins. The conserved motifs of expansin proteins were determined by the MEME online program (http://meme-suite.org/tools/meme) and were visualized by TBtools v1.082. The motifs, numbered 1-10, are displayed in different colored boxes. The sequence information for each motif is provided in Table S5. Protein lengths can be estimated using the scale at the bottom