Fig. 7
Regional association plot and candidate genes for the P. effusa race 16 resistance in spinach. The Manhattan plot of P. effusa association between 0.65 Mb to 1.25 Mb of chromosome 3. The horizontal and vertical axis represents the physical position of the SNP in the genome and the strength of association of each SNP with the trait expressed as -log10(P-value), and the red line shows the Bonferroni-corrected genomewide threshold. The middle panel shows the disease resistance candidate genes in the associated region and is highlighted in green and named in bold font. The lower panel shows linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the RPF3 associated region (0.65–1.23 Mb) based on pairwise r2 values. The gray color indicates the intensity of r2 (white for r2 = 0, shades of gray for 0 < r2 < 1, and black for r2 = 1