Table 1 Top differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in whitefly treated with A. attenuates (A), matrine (B), and A. attenuates + matrine (C)

Gene ID

Annotation

Control

A

FC(A/CK)

Log₂FC(A/CK)

P-adjust

Bta09559

Unknown protein

0.88

5.44

3.31

1.72

3.5831E-08

Bta04635

Unknown protein

0.38

2.70

3.23

1.69

1.46223E-07

Bta08790

Unknown protein

0.40

3.89

3.11

1.63

7.81903E-07

Bta11224

Unknown protein

241.30

1103.24

2.95

1.56

2.37126E-07

Bta12487

Unknown protein

176.79

631.35

2.80

1.49

1.45403E-08

Bta14008

Unknown protein

0.79

4.56

2.76

1.47

1.69005E-05

Bta07853

Vitellogenin

62.29

180.34

2.75

1.46

3.84319E-14

Bta07904

Cuticle protein

182.01

556.14

2.63

1.40

4.34525E-08

Bta10132

Matrix metalloproteinase-14

14.02

57.39

2.61

1.39

2.29456E-05

Bta05091

Galactose oxidase

2.27

4.40

2.54

1.35

6.93277E-06

Bta01237

Fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1

10.15

40.23

2.50

1.32

9.29332E-05

Bta07415

Cuticle protein

21.09

58.77

2.49

1.32

3.34114E-07

Bta00253

Cuticular protein 73D

2.69

7.18

2.35

1.23

1.50461E-05

Bta13094

rRNA N-glycosidase

1.66

6.22

2.33

1.22

0.000620838

Bta13103

rRNA N-glycosidase

1.82

5.76

2.34

1.23

0.000146606

Bta03997

Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 1

3.43

7.25

2.32

1.21

4.16415E-05

Bta14060

Mitochondrial phosphate carrier protein

144.89

378.82

2.32

1.21

6.12578E-06

Bta08493

Catalase

2.73

7.58

2.31

1.21

4.83081E-05

Bta01761

von Willebrand factor C domain-containing protein 2-like

6.39

2.16

0.43

-1.21

4.47058E-08

Bta05757

CTLMA2

63.20

15.56

0.44

-1.18

0.000570512

Gene_id

Gene description

CK

B

FC(B/CK)

Log₂FC(B/CK)

Padjust

Bta04297

Alpha-glucosidase

7.01

176.55

16.12

4.01

9.29576E-16

Bta03111

Cytochrome P450, putative

0.39

7.04

14.36

3.84

2.57545E-17

Bta08790

Unknown protein

0.40

5.15

10.73

3.42

5.64816E-14

Bta13768

Unknown protein

1.45

13.33

10.18

3.35

2.00273E-31

Bta13232

Unknown protein

3.87

50.47

9.89

3.31

3.84221E-10

Bta09175

Lupus la ribonucleoprotein, putative

0.99

14.25

9.88

3.30

1.74723E-10

Bta10684

Beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein

0.22

2.58

9.62

3.27

1.17294E-11

Bta08267

Protein takeout

8.41

89.02

8.97

3.16

4.72212E-12

Bta03997

Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 1

3.43

15.40

8.85

3.15

1.0929E-18

Bta13640

Chemosensory protein

116.14

1059.78

8.21

3.04

9.46442E-12

Bta00818

Protein LEA-1, isoform m

3.52

22.28

6.67

2.740

1.50553E-15

Bta01237

Fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1

10.15

50.51

4.90

2.29

4.76606E-09

Bta09536

CytochromeP450

5.28

22.15

4.80

2.26

7.2037E-14

Bta15123

Unknown protein

2822.04

319.98

0.21

-2.23

9.57571E-06

Bta07683

Unknown protein

1824.55

237.91

0.21

-2.28

8.65592E-08

Bta09678

Unknown protein

7.63

2.09

0.21

-2.29

7.08689E-05

Bta05743

ACYPI009429 protein

230.36

26.89

0.20

-2.29

1.80388E-06

Bta01566

Unknown protein

4149.56

581.19

0.20

-2.33

1.19697E-11

Bta08284

Cuticle protein 6

166.64

22.46

0.20

-2.35

7.53313E-10

Bta05341

Unknown protein

11.80

0.64

0.19

-2.39

0.000175318

Bta13899

Cytochrome P450

6.64

0.58

0.17

-2.54

8.77223E-07

Bta05757

CTLMA2

63.20

3.84

0.12

-3.05

1.9712E-10

Bta08486

Unknown protein

266.06

10.61

0.07

-3.78

6.61647E-20

Gene_id

Gene description

CK

C

FC(C/CK)

Log₂FC(C/CK)

Padjust

Bta12247

Unknown protein

4.59

13.64

2.65

1.41

0.000375466

Bta03375

Transmembrane protease serine 3

1.44

3.01

2.50

1.32

5.22203E-05

Bta15139

Unknown protein

51.26

226.78

2.50

1.32

0.002771036

Bta09564

Cuticle protein

98.56

254.20

2.44

1.29

0.000717401

Bta02136

Histone H1.1

0.68

2.80

2.43

1.28

0.00427513

Bta03900

Tubulin alpha-3 chain

317.97

950.16

2.40

1.26

0.003177061

Bta14754

Unknown protein

362.76

866.40

2.39

1.26

0.001552716

Bta02475

Dopamine beta-hydroxylase, putative

2041.66

6107.13

2.36

1.24

0.003177061

Bta06515

ATP-dependent DNA helicase PIF1

10.07

22.42

2.35

1.24

0.000510084

Bta08328

Unknown protein

13.61

43.41

2.34

1.23

0.006081865

Bta13272

63 kDa sperm flagellar membrane protein

8.67

2.36

0.46

-1.12

5.22203E-05

Bta11374

CG16798

34.23

9.17

0.45

-1.14

5.22203E-05

Bta04938

Pericardin

0.67

0.11

0.45

-1.16

0.013872136

Bta09690

Unknown protein

7.92

1.28

0.43

-1.21

0.005761438

Bta04161

Unknown protein

5.99

0.97

0.43

-1.22

0.004522648

Bta13466

Peroxidase

4.98

1.01

0.42

-1.25

0.000868854

Bta06515

ATP-dependent DNA helicase PIF1

10.07

22.42

2.35

1.24

0.000510084

Bta01616

Protein msta, isoform A

4.71

1.06

0.36

-1.48

1.29694E-06

Bta05871

von Willebrand factor A domain-containing protein 2

5.23

0.47

0.35

-1.51

0.000230769

Bta10028

Unknown protein

2.06

0.18

0.35

-1.51

0.000230769