Fig. 1

Violin-swarm plots show allele frequencies for the Slovak NIPT and WES data and NFE in risk variants identified in 3 types of publications: I. Baggen et al. [31] (103 risk variants). Statistic: median_sN = 0.280, sd_sN = 0.285; median_W = 0.296; sd_W = 0.284; median_N = 0.265, sd_N = 0.291; Mann–Whitney U test (WES vs. Slovak NIPT): p-value = 0.3539; Mann–Whitney U test (WES vs. NFE): p-value = 0.4146. II. COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative [43] and Pairo-Castineira et al. [35] (96 risk variants). Statistic: median_sN = 0.21, sd_sN = 0.215; median_W = 0.278; sd_W = 0.223; median_N = 0.238, sd_N = 0.212; Mann–Whitney U test (WES vs. Slovak NIPT): p-value = 0.0518; Mann–Whitney U test (WES vs. NFE): p-value = 0.0816. III. Ackermann et al. [44] (245 risk variants). Statistic: median_sN = 0.268, sd_sN = 0.281; median_W = 0.278; sd_W = 0.287; median_N = 0.274, sd_N = 0.283; Mann–Whitney U test (WES vs. Slovak NIPT): p-value = 0.4048; Mann–Whitney U test (WES vs. NFE): p-value = 0.3854. Median is labeled with ♦; sd—standard deviation, sN—Slovak NIPT, W—WES—whole-exome sequencing data from the deceased patients, N—Non-Finnish European population from the gnomAD database